。屠宰业是我国出口创汇和保障供给的支柱产业之一，屠宰废水来自牧畜、禽类、鱼类宰杀加工，是我国大的有机污染源之一。据调查，屠宰废水的排放量约占全国工业废水排放量的6%，随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，肉类食品加工工业将会有更大的发展，屠宰废水的污染还有不断加剧的趋势。
屠宰废水呈红褐色，有腥味，含有大量血污、皮毛、碎骨肉、蹄角、油脂和内脏杂物。CODCr、BOD5、氨氮、SS等指标均较高；屠宰场污水处理地埋式一体化处理设备活性污泥处理系统是当前污水处理领域应用最广泛的处理技术之一。普通活性污泥法处理屠宰废水很难达到处理要求，普遍存在以下困难：pollutant load of slaughterhouse wastewater is high, difficult to achieve the treatment requirements; seasonal changes in wastewater discharge volume are large, it is difficult to meet the continuous flow aeration tank for water flow stability requirements; sludge bulking occurs frequently and is difficult to prevent; residual sludge quantity is large, with high moisture content, poor sedimentation dehydration performance, high sludge disposal cost; nitrogen removal and phosphorus removal efficiency is only 20%, difficult to meet the high nitrogen slaughterhouse wastewater denitrification requirement.
To overcome the difficulties of ordinary activated sludge process, some new treatment technologies have been developed and successfully applied in the field of slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. SBR (sequencing batch reactor) technology adapts to the development trend of aerobic biological treatment processes, which belongs to simple and low-cost sewage treatment processes widely used in slaughtering industry. The main advantages are:
(1) Simple process without secondary settling tanks or return activated sludge devices can save land use and equipment investment.
(2) Lower investment costs by about 30% compared with conventional activated sludge systems.
(3) No easy bulking problem with good effluent quality; stable nature of residual sludge facilitates dewatering.
(4) Automatic control: alternating between anoxic/aerobic conditions within a single basin provides strong denitrification-phosphorus removal capacity.
(5) High shock loading resistance: upflow rate during peak periods still maintains stable operation at 2.5 times normal load.
After water pretreatment processing waste water into biochemical pool using heterotrophic-aerobic bacterias mixed cultures for acidogenic fermentation decomposition organic pollutants into small molecular organics substances that easily biodegradable further improving biodegradability before entering aerobic contact oxidation pool where aerobic microorganisms degrade organic matter into carbon dioxide gas after treated outflow enter coagulation flocculation pool add coagulant further remove suspended solids then secondary sedimentation basin separates solid from liquid finally chlorination disinfection station removes remaining pathogens achieving standard discharged standards.
The separated oil scum and settled solids transported together as one lot sent concentrated thickening tank concentration followed by primary settlement separation through centrifugal dewatering machine dewatered solid transferred outside centralized management handling facilities.
Thus we can see that SBR technology has become a promising solution for treating complex wastewaters such as those generated from animal abattoirs while minimizing environmental impacts through efficient nutrient reduction methods effectively reducing overall pollution levels ensuring sustainable future operations supporting our planet's ecological balance.
标签： 基础地理
